Health Ministry Faith Community Nursing Bibliography and Resources

External links to other sites are intended to be informational and do not have the endorsement of the Texas Department of State Health Services. These sites may also not be accessible to people with disabilities. Links are provided as a courtesy. Please be advised that you are not emailing the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) and DSHS policies do not apply should you choose to correspond.

Bioterrorism/Disaster Preparedness Resources from the Medical and Research Library.

CDC website on bioterrorism and other public health emergencies.

Texas Division of Emergency Management provides information on bioterrorism and disaster preparedness.

Health Ministries Association is an interfaith membership organization, serving the people who belong to the Faith Health Ministry Movement. This is the national organization's website.

Interfaith Health Program is a faith-based community partnerships: reaching vulnerable populations.

National Health Observances are days, weeks, or months devoted to promoting particular health concerns. 

Nurses Christian Fellowship provides a local, regional, national and international network for Christian nursing. It is the home of the Journal of Christian Nursing.

Spiritual Care Association provides global support for faith community nurses.

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality: Emergency Preparedness 
provides guidelines on preparing for emergencies like hurricanes, tornados, drought, wildfires, and more.

Texas Community Nursing and Health Promotion. The Faith Community Nursing program through Texas Health coordinates with registered nurse in your congregation to provide health-related programs tailored to the needs of your members and/or the neighborhood served.

Texas Health Ministries Network is for Faith Community Nursing, Chaplains, Clergy, Health Promoters, and Volunteers.

Texas Nurses Association, District 5 is the website for District 5 of TNA, the state-wide membership-based association of registered nurses. 

United Methodist Association of Health and Welfare Ministries provides information on UMA's faith-based ministries.

Westberg Institute for Faith Community Nursing. Westberg Institute has joined with the Spiritual Care Association to promote faith community nursing on a global scale.

Syed U, Kapera O, Chandrasekhar A, Baylor BT, Hassan A, Magalhães M, Meidany F, Schenker I, Messiah SE, Bhatti A. The Role of Faith-Based Organizations in Improving Vaccination Confidence & Addressing Vaccination Disparities to Help Improve Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review. Vaccines. 2023; 11(2):449. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020449
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of vaccination to support individual health across the life-course, with vaccination playing a central strategy role in mitigating transmission and disease. This required unprecedented mobilization and coordination across all sectors to meet people where they are, enable equitable access, and build vaccination confidence. A literature search was conducted with combinations of the keywords and variations of vaccination and faith-based organizations (FBOs). Search inclusion criteria were: (1) FBO programs that supported public health emergency efforts, including vaccination efforts as the primary outcome; and (2) articles written in English language. A total of 37 articles met inclusion criteria (n = 26 focused on general public health campaigns, n = 11 focused on vaccination efforts). The findings related to public health campaigns fell into four themes: FBO’s ability to (1) tailor public health campaigns; (2) mitigate barriers; (3) establish trust; and (4) disseminate and sustain efforts. The findings related to vaccine uptake efforts fell into three themes: (1) pre-pandemic influenza and HPV vaccination efforts, (2) addressing vaccine disparities in minority communities, and (3) enabling COVID-19 vaccination. This review demonstrated that FBOs have a vital role in both public health campaigns and vaccination initiatives to support high vaccine uptake and confidence.

Hounmenou C. Experiences of Faith-Based Organizations as Key Stakeholders in Policy Responses to Human Trafficking. Societies. 2023; 13(8):193. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13080193
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are substantially involved in the anti-human trafficking movement. Yet, limited research is available on their crucial roles in the field. This study explored their input in anti-trafficking policy implementation in the US by examining their motivations to engage in anti-human trafficking work, their distinctive competencies as stakeholders, and their experiences and challenges in providing anti-human trafficking services. A purposive sample of 16 leaders from 14 FBOs with anti-human trafficking work experience was recruited. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The findings showed that FBOs have experience in various aspects of prevention, protection, and even assistance in prosecuting human trafficking cases and at multiple levels of intervention. The distinctive capacities of FBOs for policy advocacy, training, and housing services for trafficking survivors provide a glimpse of their leading roles in human trafficking policy implementation. Operating primarily outside public funding allows FBOs to develop short-term and long-term services for trafficking survivors without time constraints. The FBOs in the study reported using a non-discriminatory, survivor-centered, and trauma-informed approach in their anti-human trafficking service delivery. All the respondents in the study concurred that efforts by any FBOs to convert trafficking survivors to a particular faith are unethical and counterproductive. The implications for practice, policy implementation, and research are discussed.

Ressler, R. W., Fulton, B. R., & Paxton, P. (2023). Activity and Identity: Uncovering Multiple Institutional Logics in the Nonprofit Sector. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640231164375
Nonprofit organizations are influenced by multiple institutional logics. However, data and methodological limitations have restricted scholars to classifying organizations solely according to activity-based logics and hindered investigation of alternative logics. This article presents a method for measuring organizational identity—a critical component of the multiple logics framework. To illustrate our method, we focus on religious identity. Using dictionary-based text analysis, we analyze Form 990 data to identify nonprofit organizations that share the same activity-based logic (e.g., education, arts, and health care) but operate with different identity-based logics (religious vs. secular). To demonstrate the value of measuring organizational identity at scale, we compare religiously identified organizations with their secular counterparts. Results suggest there are approximately 670,000 religious and religiously identified organizations in the nonprofit sector and illustrate the importance of operationalizing multiple institutional logics for nonprofit research. Extensions include creating additional dictionaries and large-scale measures of other organizational identities, including race/ethnicity, gender, LGBTQIA+, and politics.

Elliott JH, Webb GR. Moved to partner: A case study of faith-based congregations in disaster response. Journal of Emergency Management. 2023 Jan-Feb;21(1):37-51. https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0712
When disaster strikes, many players are involved in the response: local, state, and federal governments; public entities; community and faith-based organizations (FBOs). Some of these players are prepped to respond to disasters, while others emerge spontaneously to assist when need (or perceived need) arises. Consistently, FBOs are involved with disaster response efforts. "Faith-Based Congregations" or "FBCs" are a subsect of FBOs that are formally organized, stationary religious congregations such as churches, temples, mosques, etc. Unlike some FBOs, FBCs are embedded in communities and steeped in those communities' cultures. The value of FBCs to disaster management is recognized at the federal level, as FEMA encourages local emergency managers to engage their "Whole Community." Though shown to provide for many needs following disaster, FBCs' role in disaster is largely understudied. Additionally, the mechanics of engaging with FBCs are not simple to implement. The role of FBCs, how they adapt, and the predictors of their involvement need to be better understood in order for improved cross-sector collaboration pre- and post-disaster. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of FBCs in the disaster response process and how FBCs are impacted by the early transition to recovery. This study addressed two primary research questions: What is the role of FBCs during disaster response? How do FBCs change (temporarily and permanently) during disaster response, and what factors may promote or inhibit change? To answer these questions, this qualitative study employed telephone interviews with leaders of FBCs who helped provide disaster response assistance to those impacted by Hurricane Harvey in Katy, Texas.

Istratii, R., & Ali, P. (2023). A Scoping Review on the Role of Religion in the Experience of IPV and Faith-Based Responses in Community and Counseling Settings. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 51(2), 141-173. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471221143440
Research on religion and intimate partner violence does not appear to have integrated well the current evidence on religion/spirituality, marital functioning, and mental health and lacks a cross-sectoral perspective that bridges psychology, public health, international development, anthropology, and sociology. A better integration could reveal how religious experience could be leveraged resourcefully in developing faith-based interventions engaging religious leaders and when counseling victims/survivors and perpetrators in religious contexts. The current scoping review explored (a) the influence of religious experience on the rationalizations, behaviors and mental state of victims/survivors and perpetrators, and (b) the approaches and effectiveness of faith-based interventions to respond to domestic violence engaging religious leaders, communities, and psychologists. In pursuing these questions, we aimed to overcome the dominance of Western definitions of intimate partner violence and religion by combining evidence from sectors that are more international-looking and studies from low-and middle-income societies that historically received less attention. The review suggests the need to move toward more diversified and holistic understandings of religion and more context-specific approaches to designing faith-based interventions and counseling responses that are theologically grounded and trauma-informed and embedded in the sociological realities of the individuals and communities they seek to support.

Marcus R, Monga Nakra N, Pollack Porter KM. Characterizing Organizational Health Equity Capacity Assessments for Public Health Organizations: A Scoping Review. Public Health Reports. 2023;0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549231151889
Objective: Organizational health equity capacity assessments (OCAs) provide a valuable starting point to understand and strengthen an organization’s readiness and capacity for health equity. We conducted a scoping review to identify and characterize existing OCAs.
Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and practitioner websites to identify peer-reviewed and gray literature articles and tools that measure or assess health equity–related capacity in public health organizations. Seventeen OCAs met the inclusion criteria. We organized primary OCA characteristics and implementation evidence and described them thematically according to key categories.
Results: All identified OCAs assessed organizational readiness or capacity for health equity, and many aimed to guide health equity capacity development. The OCAs differed in regard to thematic focus, structure, and intended audience. Implementation evidence was limited
Conclusions:By providing a synthesis of OCAs, these findings can assist public health organizations in selecting and implementing OCAs to assess, strengthen, and monitor their internal organizational capacity for health equity. This synthesis also fills a knowledge gap for those who may be considering developing similar tools in the future.

Meyer, M. A., Alexander-Hawk, M., Purdum, J. C., Yelle, H., Vick, J., Rodriguez, A., Romero, S., & Taylor, K. A. (2023). Resilience in Recovery? Understanding the Extent, Structure, and Operations of Nonprofits Meant to Address Disaster Survivors’ Unmet Needs. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(4), 979–1005. https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640221138265
Climate change is increasing the likelihood and magnitude of disaster impacts. The nonprofit sector’s ability to address disaster survivors’ needs will become an increasingly important aspect of adapting to a changing climate. Disaster recovery also provides time for nonprofits to affect community resilience to future disasters and climate change. This article analyzes a unique phenomenon of the sector during disaster recovery: Long-term Recovery Groups. These groups are increasingly encouraged by government and national nonprofits, yet little academic research exists on them. We assess the existence and location of groups, their missions and tasks, and their legal structure. We find heterogeneity in structure and location but similarity in stated goals of addressing failures of government and private sector recovery practices. These groups emerge, as expected, in areas with disaster losses and in areas with slightly greater social vulnerability. Most groups, though, miss the opportunity to include climate change as part of their mission.

Britt KC, Richards KC, Radhakrishnan K, et al. Religion, Spirituality, and Coping During the Pandemic: Perspectives of Dementia Caregivers. Clinical Nursing Research. 2023;32(1):94-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/10547738221115239
Religious and spiritual (R/S) practices support individuals during difficult situations. The COVID-19 social distancing restrictions may have limited access to R/S practices for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease related dementia (ADRD) and their caregivers, affecting coping and well-being. This qualitative study explored the impact of social distancing on R/S practices and coping in ADRD-caregiver dyads from the perspective of caregivers. Interviews were conducted with 11 family caregivers of older adults with ADRD residing in nursing homes (n = 4) or private homes (n = 7). Caregivers continued individual and started virtual R/S practices which improved their ability to cope. However, organized R/S practices were unavailable for those with ADRD, but they used prayer and read religious texts which noticeably improved their mood. Healthcare professionals’ sharing of individual and community R/S resources available for ADRD-caregiver dyads could decrease anxiety and agitation, while improving their ability to cope with increased isolation.

Lewis-Thames, M.W., Leahy, N., Kruse-Diehr, A.J. et al. Adapting a Research and Community Capacity-Building Program to Address Rural Cancer Burden and Facilitate Partnership Development Between Rural Community Stakeholders and an Urban Comprehensive Cancer Center. J Canc Educ 38, 1245–1255 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-022-02256-7
While rural–urban cancer disparities persist, the research building capacity between rural communities and high-quality cancer centers remains limited. Thus, we describe how a National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center partnered with rural community stakeholders to adapt a cancer prevention-focused research and community capacity-building workshop. The workshop’s goal was to strengthen community-academic partnerships and facilitate the development of sustainable well-resourced rural cancer-focused research. Researchers from the Siteman Cancer Center partnered with community leaders from rural counties in southern Illinois. We adapted the workshop from an existing evidence-based program. We analyzed changes in knowledge and research capacity and relevance to their community work. From February to May 2019, community partners guided all elements of the workshop development. Workshop participants were mostly White race (93%), had a college degree or beyond (75%), reported living in a rural community (93%), and represented an academic, faith-based, or healthcare institution (78%). Participants’ mean knowledge scores of the presented content increased significantly after each session, from 9.3 to 9.9 for session 1 (p = 0.05) and 6.8 to 9.7 (p < 0.001) for session two. Through the workshop, participant scores also increased in research capacity skills, confidence, and their understanding of conducting research in the community. The workshop, co-curated and led by rural community leaders and researchers from Siteman Cancer Center, successfully increased knowledge of and interest in building cancer research capacity. Lessons from our work can inform the implementation of similar programs that address rural cancer health through research and community capacity building between rural community partners and urban cancer centers.

Boddie, S. C., Howard, K., Hong, K., Nelms, S., O’Quin, A., Sessa, C., ... & Carter, S. (2023). Teen food insecurity in a central Texas city: Teen perspectives using photovoice. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 33(2), 232-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2022.2052222
Teen food insecurity is gaining attention as a social problem in the United States. This study seeks to understand the barriers to teen food security, coping strategies used to address food insecurity, related impacts, and solutions proposed by teens. Photovoice and a focus group were the primary methods used to enable teens to express their experiences visually and aurally. Compared to results from other teen food insecurity research, teens in this study reported social support strategies like reliance on family and community organizations and sabotaging strategies like begging and stealing food less often than sacrificing strategies such as working jobs to supplement the family’s food budget, giving money or food to family or friends, eating highly processed and inexpensive foods, or going without food. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of a teen-focused, trauma-informed, and healing-centered approach that recognizes teens’ underlying economic, social, and physiological needs during a crucial developmental phase of life.

Fitzgerald, C. A., & Vaidyanathan, B. (2023). Faith Leaders’ Views on Collaboration with Mental Health Professionals. Community Mental Health Journal, 59(3), 477-485.
When faced with experiences of mental struggle, Americans often turn to faith leaders as their first recourse. Although studies have explored religious leaders’ mental health literacy, few studies have investigated how religious leaders believe faith communities and mental health professionals should collaborate. The data gathered for this research is from in-depth and focus group interviews with faith leaders from Christian, Jewish, Buddhist, and Sikh communities in South Texas and the Mid-Atlantic region between 2017-2019 (n=67). This research analyzed faith leaders’ response to the question “How can mental health professionals and faith communities better work together” by utilizing the flexible coding approach (Deterding and Waters 2018). Four distinct themes emerged from the faith leaders’ responses: education, relationship building, external factors, and dismissal. By learning about how faith leaders believe they can better work together with mental health professionals we can help bridge the gap between religion and mental health further by fostering a much-needed dialogue between these two groups.

Alexander Priest, A. (2023). Under Pressure: Social Capital and Trust in Government After Natural Disasters. Social Currents, 10(4), 381-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231153066
In response to the increasing threats posed by natural hazards, both disaster managers and researchers have recognized social networks and trust between communities and government as fundamental building blocks for resilience. However, these efforts often overlook the fact that the same network ties to family and friends that can help households weather a storm may also extend households’ exposure through collective trauma, reshaping their trust in and perceptions of government. Utilizing two restricted-access data sets gathered in Houston, Texas, following Hurricane Harvey, this study investigates the frequency with which households experienced a direct and/or close-tie impact and how such impacts affect households’ trust in local, state, and federal government. Results indicate that households experience close-tie impacts pervasively and that experiencing a close-tie impact is significantly correlated with lower trust in government at all levels, net of experiencing a direct impact and other statistical controls. Implications for a more nuanced approach to social capital and trust in disaster mitigation and research are discussed.

Quinn KRT, Kim J, Yoon JD. The Emmaus Project: Aging, Illness, and Dying Among Older Christians—A Qualitative Study. The Linacre Quarterly. 2023;90(3):320-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363923115670
Older patients have an increased risk of depression, neglect, and abuse. Studies demonstrate that spiritual and religious coping is important at times of personal crisis, but few studies explore the impact of religion on older persons’ experiences of aging, illness, and impending death. This study set out to identify recurring spiritual and clinical themes shared by retirement home residents in the context of a Christian faith-based processing group. A qualitative cohort study of residents over the age of 65 was conducted at a retirement home in Chicago, Illinois. The study consisted of 8 hour-long Scripture-based processing group sessions co-led by a study researcher and the onsite chaplain. Questionnaires were administered to each group and handwritten responses were collected and analyzed to identify recurring clinical and spiritual themes. Ten participants enrolled in the group study. The questionnaire completion rate was 35% (49/140). The most recurring clinical themes included 1) events of death or terminal illness and 2) physical limitations. The most recurring spiritual themes included 1) God's presence and 2) prayer and worship. The most recurring coded theme overall was family. This study provided insight into the spiritual experiences of older Christians in one retirement home community. Increased awareness of the spiritual perspectives of the geriatric population may strengthen the doctor–patient relationship and lead to improvements in clinical care.

Devido JA, Doswell WM, Braxter BJ, Terry MA, Charron-Prochownik D. Exploring the experiences, challenges, and approaches of parish nurses in their community practice. J Holist Nurs. 2019 Jun;37(2):121-129. doi: 10.1177/0898010118801414. 
Purpose: To explore the personal experiences, challenges, and practices of parish nurses in their communities.
Method/Design: The overall study used a mixed methods concurrent embedded design to describe parish nurses' experiences with diabetes education and preconception counseling in their practice. Also included were descriptions of generalized practices. Therefore, this current report will focus on these broader experiences. Focus group data were collected using face-to-face, teleconference, and video conferencing formats with 48 nurses who consider themselves to be parish nurses and analyzed with content analysis.

Zahnd WE, Jenkins WD, Shackelford J, Lobb R, Sanders J, Bailey A. Rural Cancer Screening and Faith Community Nursing in the Era of the Affordable Care Act. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2018;29(1):71-80. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2018.0008.
Rural populations often face higher cancer rates and have lower cancer screening rates than urban populations. Screening disparities may be mediated by limited access to care, less knowledge of screening, and psychosocial factors. While the improved insurance rates and more comprehensive coverage under the Affordable Care Act may address some of these barriers, rural-urban disparities in cancer screening may not be fully attenuated. Faith-based interventions have been an effective approach to improving cancer screening among rural and underserved populations. Similarly, faith community nurses (FCNs) may be an effective agent for implementing evidence-based cancer screening strategies in rural communities. We provide a model for how FCNs standards of professional performance and practice can enable them to implement screening strategies. We also posit two recommendations of services that FCNs can provide to improve cancer screening in rural areas: educational messaging and patient navigation.

Bone N, Swinton M, Hoad N, Toledo F, Cook D. Critical Care Nurses' Experiences With Spiritual Care: The SPIRIT Study. Am J Crit Care. 2018 May;27(3):212-219. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2018300.
Background: Little is known about the effect of chaplains on critical care nurses who are caring for critically ill patients and their families.
Objective: To understand nurses' experiences when they make a referral to the Spiritual Care Department for a patient or the family of a patient who is dying or deceased. Specific aims were to explore spiritual care's effect on nurses and how nurses understand the role of spiritual care in practice.

Kazmer MM, Glueckauf RL, Schettini G, Ma J, Silva M. Qualitative Analysis of Faith Community Nurse-Led Cognitive-Behavioral and Spiritual Counseling for Dementia Caregivers. Qual Health Res. 2018 Mar;28(4):633-647. doi: 10.1177/1049732317743238. 
This article presents themes emerging from semistructured interviews with dementia family caregivers in rural communities who participated in an integrative, cognitive-behavioral and spiritual counseling intervention, and with faith community nurses (FCNs) who delivered the intervention. The primary objectives of the counseling intervention were to ameliorate dementia caregivers' depressive affect and the severity of their self-identified caregiving and self-care problems. The qualitative portion of the study was intended to elicit caregivers' and FCNs' perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of the intervention. We conducted interviews with seven FCN/caregiver pairs 4 times during the 6-month counseling process, totaling 56 interviews. Themes emerging from the interviews included caregivers' perception of burden and care partners' problem behavior; formation of therapeutic alliance between FCNs and caregivers; problem-solving skills, tools, and resources; caregivers' use of problem-solving strategies; spirituality in caregiving and counseling processes; FCNs' prior professional experience; and caregiver and FCN time constraints.

Availability: These are probably only available from the university or college where they were submitted or through a commercial information service like ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Check with your local library to see if inter-library loan service is available.

Bagley, Carol A. Parish Nurse Practice Implementation: Opportunities and Barriers. Ph.D. dissertation, Walden University, 2011 (130 p.).

Bay, Mary Josephine. Educational and Experiential Formation in Parish Nursing. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 2004 (189 p.).

Bokinskie, Jean C. Perceived levels of empowerment in parish nursing. Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Dakota, 2010 (209 p.).

Burkhart, Elizabeth Ely. An Instance of Knowledge Representation: Measuring the Domain Completeness of the Nursing Interventions Classification System in Parish Nurse Documentation. Ph.D. dissertation, Loyola University of Chicago, 2002 (269 p.).

Cater, Gloria Jean Harris. Faith Community Nursing: A Case Study of Its Impact on African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2010 (141 p.).

Clark, Margaret Beckwith. Interdisciplinary Ministry Collaboration: Faith and Health. D.Min. dissertation, St. Stephen's College, Canada, 2000 (213 p.). 

Devido, Jessica. Exploring the Role of the Parish Nurse in Providing Diabetes Education and Preconception Counseling to African American Women Using a Community-Engaged Mixed Methods Approach. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2014 (226 p.).

Flahive, Margaret Mary. Parish nurses: Promoting a Ministry of Service in Catholic Parishes in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. Ed.D. dissertation, Cardinal Stritch University, 2002 (171 p.). 

Gotwals, Beth Ann. Parish nurses' perceived self-efficacy in nutritional health promotion and disease prevention counseling. Ph.D. dissertation, Widener University School of Nursing, 2011 (237 p.).

King MA. The experience of choosing the parish nurse for health care services. Ph.D. dissertation, West Virginia University, 2007 (148 p.). 

Mang, Ann Marie. Parish Nursing. M.S. dissertation, D'Youville College, 2001 (79 p.).

Mendelson SG. A Community-Based Parish Nurse Intervention Program for Mexican-American Women with Gestational Diabetes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 2007 (124 p.).

Mobley, Deborah Darlene Simpson. The lived experience of faith community nurses living the call to health ministry. Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 (158 p.).

Moss MM. Nursing students' perceptions of clients' spirituality, spiritual needs, and spiritual care in faith communities. Ph.D. dissertation, George Mason University, 2007 (139 p.).

Myers, M. Parish nursing: A process of authenticating self through wholistic theocentric interconnecting. Dissertation, Ontario Institute of Studies in Education of the University of Toronto, 2000. [Contact lmmyers@wcl.on.ca for more information.]

Potter, Marcia. The Role of Health Ministry in the Global Healthcare Arena. M.A. dissertation, State University of New York Empire State College, 2006 (79 p.).

Roy L. Identification of the spiritual nursing care practices of volunteer parish nurses. Thesis, California State University, San Bernardino, Department of Nursing, 2003.

Shores, Cynthia I. The impact of a faith community nursing program on a culturally diverse community. Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2011 (425 p.).

Solari-Twadell, Phyllis Ann. The Differentiation of the Ministry of Parish Nursing Practice within Congregations. Ph.D. dissertation, Loyola University of Chicago, 2002 (227 p.).

Timko TA. Informal caregivers' perceptions of social support provided by parish nurses. Ph.D. dissertation, Catholic University of America, 2009 (126 p.).

Tormoehlen, Lucy. A Learning Needs Assessment of Parish Nurses. Ed.D. dissertation, Ball State University, 2009 (136 p.).

Voisine, Michelle Casey. The Lived Experience of Recipients of Parish Nursing Care. M.S.N. dissertation, Southern Connecticut State University, 2004 (79 p.).